Electronic Waste, an Environmental Problem Exported to Developing Countries: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY
نویسندگان
چکیده
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a rapidly developing environmental problem particularly for the most developed countries. There are technological solutions processing it, but these costly, and cheaper option countries has been to export of less various laws policies regulating e-waste at different governance scales such as international Basel Convention, regional Bamoko national laws. However, many regulations not fully implemented there substantial financial pressure maintain jobs created e-waste. Mexico, Brazil, Ghana Nigeria, India, China have selected more detailed study transboundary movements This includes systematic review existing literature, application Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework analysing complex problems associated with social ecological systems, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) evaluating impact electronic devices from their manufacture through final disposal. Japan, Italy, Switzerland, Norway LCA show how diverted countries, sufficient data available assessment GOOD, BAD UGLY outcomes identified this study: GOOD creation use source raw materials; exacerbation already poor conditions in countries; negative on health workers due wide range toxic components waste. number management options that reduce UGLY, adopting concept circular economy, urban mining, reducing loopholes improving regulations, well disparity income between top bottom hierarchy The overarching message request help fight against e-waste, rather than exporting poorer regions.
منابع مشابه
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Face Challenge Problem
The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly Face Challenge Problem was created to encourage the development of algorithms that are robust to recognition across changes that occur in still frontal faces. The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly consists of three partitions. The Good partition contains pairs of images that are considered easy to recognize. The base verification rate (VR) is 0.98 at a false accept rate (F...
متن کاملThe Good , The Bad , and The Ugly
Electronic mail has become the unexciting and mundane electronic communication medium we love to hate. It wasn’t always that way. Hate is a fairly recent emotion. Email has been with us in one form or another since the earliest days of computer networks and bulletin board services. From inauspicious beginnings, it became one of the three “killer apps,” along with Telnet and FTP, that gave the I...
متن کاملThe Good, the Bad and the Ugly
This paper discusses the neo-logicist approach to the foundations of mathematics by highlighting an issue that arises from looking at the Bad Company objection from an epistemological perspective. For the most part, our issue is independent of the details of any resolution of the Bad Company objection and, as we will show, it concerns other foundational approaches in the philosophy of mathemati...
متن کاملThe Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
During the last several years, we have witnessed “the best of times and the worst of times” in the embryonic field of gene therapy. Rapid advances in human genomic sciences, the development of novel mouse models of human diseases, and the construction and characterization of new vector systems for in vivo gene transduction have significantly expanded the potential feasibility of human gene ther...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2071-1050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095302